BaZi Glossary & Auxiliary Stars | Master Sean Chan
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BaZi Glossary & Auxiliary Stars

A practitioner's reference for classical terminology, the Ten Gods, and the Shen Sha formula corpus.

This is a living document — updated as content is refined. If a term is missing, let me know. For a full chart analysis, visit the BaZi Consultation page.

Core Concepts 基础概念

The foundational vocabulary of BaZi — the language every practitioner must internalise before interpreting a chart. Elements always come first.

八字
Bā Zì
BaZi / Four Pillars of Destiny
Literally "eight characters." A system of destiny analysis using four pillars (Year, Month, Day, Hour), each comprising a Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch — eight characters in total. Its theoretical foundation is Yin-Yang and the Five Elements, mapped against the position of Earth relative to the Sun.
日主
Rì Zhǔ
Day Master
The Heavenly Stem of the Day Pillar. It represents the self — your core elemental identity. Every element in your chart is interpreted in relation to the Day Master. It is the single most important character in any BaZi reading.
天干
Tiān Gān
Heavenly Stems
The ten symbols 甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸 — representing the five elements in their Yin and Yang polarity. They occupy the top row of each pillar, governing the visible and expressed aspects of that pillar's influence.
地支
Dì Zhī
Earthly Branches
The twelve symbols 子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥 — corresponding to the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac. They occupy the lower row of each pillar and carry hidden stems (藏干), adding elemental depth that the visible stem does not reveal.
藏干
Cáng Gān
Hidden Stems
Each Earthly Branch conceals one to three Heavenly Stems within it. These hidden stems are the root of elemental strength in a chart — a Branch that hides your Day Master's element is often the difference between a strong and a weak chart.
用神
Yòng Shén
Useful God / Favorable Element
The single most critical element your chart needs to achieve balance. Identifying the Useful God is the heart of BaZi analysis. Luck Pillars and Annual Pillars that bring the Useful God tend to be the most prosperous periods of one's life.
大運
Dà Yùn
Luck Pillar / Major Cycle
Each ten-year cycle through which a person's elemental environment shifts. A BaZi chart's potential is largely activated — or suppressed — by the Luck Pillar in operation. Even a high-quality natal chart requires favorable Luck Pillars to fully manifest.
流年
Liú Nián
Annual Pillar / Annual Phase
The Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch of the current calendar year, assessed against both the natal chart and the active Luck Pillar. Annual Pillars trigger events — both positive and negative — that the Luck Pillar sets the stage for.
月令
Yuè Lìng
Month Pillar / Seasonal Decree
The most powerful pillar in the chart, as it determines the seasonal energy at birth. An element that is "in season" (旺) carries far more weight than an element appearing out of season. The Month Pillar governs career, parents, and societal standing.
格局
Gé Jú
Chart Structure / Pattern
The overarching configuration of a BaZi chart, determined by which Ten God dominates and how it interacts with the chart's elemental balance. Chart structure must be identified before any meaningful interpretation can begin.
五行
Wǔ Xíng
Five Elements
Wood (木), Fire (火), Earth (土), Metal (金), Water (水). These five forces underpin all BaZi analysis. They interact via cycles of generation (生) and control (克), and a chart is read by assessing whether these interactions produce harmony or tension.
陰陽
Yīn Yáng
Yin & Yang
Every element exists in a Yin or Yang polarity. Yang Wood (甲) differs fundamentally from Yin Wood (乙) in character, behavior, and interaction — not just in degree. Confusing the polarities is one of the most common errors among beginners.

The Ten Gods 十神

The Ten Gods describe how each Heavenly Stem relates to the Day Master. They are not personality archetypes — they are elemental relationships. Always interpret them in the context of chart balance, not in isolation.

Yang · Self
比肩
Rob Wealth / Companion
Sibling Group
Same element, same polarity as the Day Master. Represents peers, competitors, and the drive for independence. In excess, can indicate rivalry or financial loss through others.
Yin · Self
劫財
Rob Wealth
Sibling Group
Same element, opposite polarity. More aggressive than 比肩. Associated with financial disputes, speculation, and forceful personalities. Not inherently negative — it can indicate competitive drive.
Yang · Output
食神
Eating God
Output Group
The element the Day Master generates, same polarity. One of the most benevolent stars — associated with talent, enjoyment of life, culinary flair, and stable wealth generation when it controls the 七杀.
Yin · Output
傷官
Hurting Officer
Output Group
The element the Day Master generates, opposite polarity. Perhaps the most discussed Ten God — associated with brilliance, nonconformity, and difficulty with authority. Devastating to Direct Officer; exceptional in certain chart structures.
Yang · Wealth
偏財
Indirect Wealth
Wealth Group
The element the Day Master controls, same polarity. Associated with windfall income, business acumen, and a sociable, generous nature. Also represents the father in a male's chart.
Yin · Wealth
正財
Direct Wealth
Wealth Group
The element the Day Master controls, opposite polarity. Represents steady, earned income, discipline, and a practical nature. Represents the wife or spouse in a male's chart when well-placed.
Yang · Power
七殺
Seven Killings
Power Group
The element that controls the Day Master, same polarity. Commanding, ambitious, and forceful. When harnessed correctly, it produces outstanding leaders. Uncontrolled, it manifests as recklessness and conflict. Never dismiss it — never fear it blindly.
Yin · Power
正官
Direct Officer
Power Group
The element that controls the Day Master, opposite polarity. Represents law, governance, reputation, and propriety. In a female chart, often associated with the husband. Damaged by 傷官; needs proper elemental support to function well.
Yang · Resource
偏印
Indirect Resource
Resource Group
The element that generates the Day Master, same polarity. Also called the Owl Star (枭神). Highly intellectual and unconventional — strong in research, metaphysics, and the arts. Can indicate a complex relationship with the mother figure.
Yin · Resource
正印
Direct Resource
Resource Group
The element that generates the Day Master, opposite polarity. Nourishing, scholarly, and ethical. Represents academic credentials, the mother, and moral authority. One of the most desirable stars in career-oriented charts.

Auxiliary Stars 神煞

The Shen Sha (神煞) are derived from the Stems and Branches in your chart. They add nuance — but only after the elemental balance has been established. An imbalanced chart with noble stars is still an imbalanced chart.

天乙
Tian Yi Gui Ren — Heavenly Nobleman
天乙貴人 · Benefactor Star
Auspicious

The most celebrated auxiliary star in BaZi. Whoever holds 天乙貴人 in their natal chart tends to attract benefactors and receive timely assistance in moments of difficulty. They are often well-liked and draw positive attention from those in positions of authority.

However — and this is critical — the 天乙貴人 must rest on a Branch that is useful to the chart. A nobleman star sitting on a Branch your chart doesn't need offers very little benefit. Its presence is not a guarantee of good fortune; it is a potential that the overall chart quality must activate.

Classical Formula 《天乙貴人》
Day Master (日主)Nobleman Branches (貴人地支)
甲 · 戊丑 · 未
乙 · 己申 · 子
丙 · 丁酉 · 亥
丑 · 未
寅 · 午
壬 · 癸卯 · 巳

Classical text: 甲日醜未。乙日申子。丙日酉亥。丁日酉亥。戊日醜未。己日申子。庚日醜未。辛日寅午。壬日卯巳。癸日卯巳。

祿神
Lu Shen — Prosperity Star
祿神 · Salary God
Auspicious

祿 (Lù) literally means "salary" or "official emolument." The 祿神 marks the Branch where the Day Master's energy reaches full maturity — its strongest and most productive state. It is closely tied to career success, financial stability, and official recognition.

Having one's Luck Pillar arrive at the 祿 Branch often correlates with significant career advancement or income growth, provided the overall chart supports it.

Classical Formula 《祿神》
Day Master (日主)Lu Branch (祿支)
丙 · 戊
丁 · 己

Classical text: 甲祿寅。乙祿卯。丙祿巳。丁祿午。戊祿巳。己祿午。庚祿申。辛祿酉。壬祿亥。癸祿子。

天德
Tian De — Heavenly Virtue
天德貴人 · Month-derived Star
Auspicious

天德 is derived from the Month Branch and denotes a quality of heavenly protection — particularly useful in mitigating the negative effects of other unfavorable stars. Its influence is one of moral rectitude, charitable assistance, and relief from hardship.

Classical Formula 《天德》
Birth Month (月)Tian De Stem/Branch
寅月 (Month 1)
卯月 (Month 2)
辰月 (Month 3)
巳月 (Month 4)
午月 (Month 5)
未月 (Month 6)
申月 (Month 7)
酉月 (Month 8)
戌月 (Month 9)
亥月 (Month 10)
子月 (Month 11)
醜月 (Month 12)

Classical text: 寅月丁。卯月申。辰月壬。巳辛月。午月亥。未月甲。申月癸。酉月寅。戌月丙。亥月乙。子月巳。醜月庚。

桃花
Tao Hua — Peach Blossom
桃花 · Romance & Attraction Star
Dual Nature

The Peach Blossom star governs one's romantic appeal, social magnetism, and affinity with the opposite sex. It is not inherently positive or negative — its quality depends entirely on the chart's elemental balance and the Branch it falls on.

Peach Blossom takes many forms: 正桃花 (stable, positive romance), 墙内桃花 (romance within the home — a spouse), 墙外桃花 (romance outside the home — an affair), and 沐浴桃花 (physically-motivated, unstable relationships). The same star, expressed differently, produces entirely different life outcomes.

Peach Blossom Formula
Year/Day Branch GroupPeach Blossom Branch
申 · 子 · 辰
寅 · 午 · 戌
亥 · 卯 · 未
巳 · 酉 · 丑

Other related stars include 紅鸞 (Hóng Luán) — positive romantic union; 天姚 (Tiān Yáo) — allure and personal magnetism; 咸池 (Xián Chí) — lustful or indulgent tendencies; and 紅艷 (Hóng Yàn) — emotionally-driven romantic energy.

驛馬
Yi Ma — Flying Horse
驛馬 · Travel & Mobility Star
Active Energy

The Flying Horse governs movement — travel, relocation, frequent change of environment, and dynamic career shifts. When activated by a Luck Pillar or Annual Pillar, it often signals overseas opportunities, frequent travel for work, or significant life transitions involving a change of place.

Those with 驛馬 prominent in the natal chart often prefer mobility to stability and may find conventional, sedentary careers stifling. The star is particularly powerful when it also carries Wealth (财) or Officer (官) elements within its Branch.

Yi Ma Formula
Year/Day Branch GroupYi Ma Branch
申 · 子 · 辰
寅 · 午 · 戌
亥 · 卯 · 未
巳 · 酉 · 丑
文昌
Wen Chang — Academic Star
文昌貴人 · Literary Intelligence Star
Auspicious

文昌 confers scholarly aptitude, literary talent, and a refined intellect. Those with this star prominent are often drawn to academia, writing, law, or any discipline requiring careful study and analytical thinking. It is one of the few auxiliary stars that practitioners agree has relatively consistent positive influence.

Wen Chang Formula
Day Master (日主)Wen Chang Branch
華蓋
Hua Gai — Canopy Star
華蓋 · Artistic Solitude Star
Dual Nature

華蓋 carries a paradox: it often correlates with exceptional intelligence and artistic ability, yet also with social isolation and difficulty in romantic relationships. Chart-holders with a prominent 華蓋 tend to excel in specialised, solitary fields — metaphysics, fine arts, research — but may struggle in group leadership or social settings.

They can be thought-leaders in their domain, but rarely inspire crowds. A politician with a sterling academic record who somehow fails to connect with voters is a classic 華蓋 manifestation.

Hua Gai Formula
Year/Day Branch GroupHua Gai Branch
申 · 子 · 辰
寅 · 午 · 戌
亥 · 卯 · 未
巳 · 酉 · 丑
劫煞
Jie Sha — Robbery Killings
劫煞 · Ambition & Aggression Star
Dual Nature

The name alone — "robbery" and "killings" — causes alarm in many beginners. This is precisely the kind of superficial reading that should be avoided. 劫煞 is one of the most misunderstood auxiliary stars in the corpus.

When operating positively, 劫煞 represents fierce ambition, sharp execution ability, and strategic intelligence. People with this star often possess a relentless drive and get things done where others hesitate. In a well-balanced chart, 劫煞 can carry one to great heights.

When operating negatively — typically in an imbalanced chart — it manifests as aggression, recklessness, legal entanglement, and financial loss. The star changes its expression based on the chart, not the other way around. This is the essential principle.

魁罡
Kui Gang — Dominant Authority
魁罡貴人 · Power & Dominance Star
Powerful

魁罡 appears on specific day pillars only: 庚辰, 庚戌, 壬辰, 戊戌. Those with this star tend to possess exceptional intelligence, a commanding presence, and a strong will. In positive expressions, they are decisive leaders with high standards.

In negative expressions — particularly in a chart where the elements are imbalanced — 魁罡 can produce a domineering, overbearing personality that alienates others despite apparent ability. The star's force is always potent; the outcome depends on whether that force is channelled constructively.

Kui Gang Day Pillars

庚辰 · 庚戌 · 壬辰 · 戊戌

天喜
Tian Xi — Heavenly Joy
天喜 · Celebratory Event Star
Auspicious

天喜 generally signals celebratory events — marriage, births, promotions, and other positive milestones. It is derived from the Year Branch and is therefore commonly used in annual phase analysis. When 天喜 appears during a Luck Pillar or Annual Pillar that also brings favorable elements, it often correlates with joyous life events.

It should not be read in isolation. A year where 天喜 appears alongside an element that clashes with the Day Master or suppresses the Useful God will not necessarily be celebratory.

Stem & Branch Interactions 干支合冲

The dynamic relationships between Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches — combinations, clashes, harms, and punishments. These interactions transform the elemental composition of a chart in ways that can override the natal configuration entirely.

Heavenly Stem
天干合
Five Stem Combinations
When two specific Stems appear together, they "combine" and can transform into a different element — provided the seasonal conditions support that transformation. Combinations can be beneficial or destructive depending on whether the resulting element is wanted or unwanted in the chart.
甲 + 己 → 土 乙 + 庚 → 金 丙 + 辛 → 水 丁 + 壬 → 木 戊 + 癸 → 火
Earthly Branch
六合
Six Branch Combinations
Six pairs of Earthly Branches that combine harmoniously, often producing a new elemental influence. Like Stem combinations, these can either strengthen a desired element or neutralize an unwanted one — context is everything.
子 + 丑 → 土 寅 + 亥 → 木 卯 + 戌 → 火 辰 + 酉 → 金 巳 + 申 → 水 午 + 未 → 土/火
Earthly Branch
三合
Three Harmony Combinations
Three Branches that form a powerful elemental union, producing a strong concentration of one element. When all three appear, the effect is significant — capable of transforming chart structure entirely. Partial combinations (半三合) carry partial effect.
申 子 辰 → 水局 亥 卯 未 → 木局 寅 午 戌 → 火局 巳 酉 丑 → 金局
Earthly Branch
方合
Directional / Seasonal Combinations
Three adjacent Branches corresponding to the same season and direction. The seasonal elemental energy becomes extremely concentrated. Strongest when the Month Branch is involved, as it represents the natal season.
寅 卯 辰 → 東方木 巳 午 未 → 南方火 申 酉 戌 → 西方金 亥 子 丑 → 北方水
Earthly Branch
六冲
Six Branch Clashes
Six pairs of Branches in direct opposition. Clashes destabilize the elements involved — branches are disturbed, hidden stems are exposed or weakened, and the pillars affected may bring turbulence. A clash on the Day Pillar often signals disruption in personal or spousal matters.
子 ↔ 午 丑 ↔ 未 寅 ↔ 申 卯 ↔ 酉 辰 ↔ 戌 巳 ↔ 亥
Earthly Branch
六害
Six Branch Harms
Less volatile than clashes, the Six Harms represent obstruction and friction — often manifesting as subtle sabotage, relationship strain, or persistent obstacles that are difficult to trace to a single cause. Their effect is gradual and wearing.
子 害 未 丑 害 午 寅 害 巳 卯 害 辰 申 害 亥 酉 害 戌
Earthly Branch
Branch Punishments
Three types of punishments exist: Uncivilized Punishment (無禮之刑), Ungrateful Punishment (恃勢之刑), and Self-Punishment (自刑). These often correlate with legal issues, health complications, relationship breakdowns, and karmic patterns that repeat despite awareness.
寅 刑 巳 刑 申 丑 刑 戌 刑 未 子 刑 卯 辰 · 午 · 酉 · 亥 自刑
Earthly Branch
Six Branch Destructions
The Six Destructions typically affect plans and structures — projects unravel, agreements break down, and things that seemed secure become undone. Less commonly discussed than clashes or punishments, but relevant when timing events in the annual or luck cycle.
子 破 酉 丑 破 辰 寅 破 亥 卯 破 午 巳 破 申 未 破 戌
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